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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Solutions  ·  NEET & JEE

A minimum-boiling azeotrope is formed by solutions showing:

Answer: positive deviation from Raoult law.

  • A ideal behaviour
  • B negative deviation from Raoult law
  • C positive deviation from Raoult law
  • D zero vapour pressure

Correct answer: C. positive deviation from Raoult law

Explanation: Positive deviation raises the vapour pressure and lowers the boiling point, producing a minimum-boiling azeotrope (e.g. ethanol-water).

Vapour Pressure: Pure Solvent vs SolutionTVapour PPure solventSolution (lower VP)ΔTfTf(soln)Tf(pure)Dissolved solute lowers vapour pressure at every temperature, shifting Tf down and Tb up

Adding a non-volatile solute lowers the solvent's vapour pressure at every temperature, which is the root cause behind all four colligative properties: it shifts the freezing point down and the boiling point up.

Concept context

Learn how substances dissolve and form mixtures. Covers concentration terms, colligative properties (boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure), and ideal vs non-ideal solution behaviour.

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