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🧪 Chemistry  ·  p-Block Elements (Groups 13 & 14)  ·  NEET & JEE

Anhydrous AlCl₃ exists as the dimer Al₂Cl₆, in which each aluminium attains:

Answer: an octet using chlorine bridges.

  • A an octet using chlorine bridges
  • B an incomplete electron sextet still
  • C the unstable +1 oxidation state
  • D an sp hybridised geometry

Correct answer: A. an octet using chlorine bridges

Explanation: Two chlorine atoms bridge the aluminiums, donating lone pairs so each Al completes its octet in the dimeric Al₂Cl₆ structure.

Carbon Allotropes: Diamond vs GraphiteDiamond (3D network)Every C is sp³, 4 strong bonds→ hardest natural substanceGraphite (layered sheets)weak van der Waals(layers slide → lubricant)Each C is sp², hexagonal sheets→ conducts electricity along sheets

Diamond's rigid 3D tetrahedral network makes it the hardest natural material, while graphite's flat hexagonal sheets are held together only by weak forces, letting them slide past each other (used as a lubricant and in pencils).

Concept context

Covers the Boron family (Group 13: B, Al) and the Carbon family (Group 14: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Key topics include Lewis acid behaviour of BF₃, borax bead test, silicates, silicones, allotropes of carbon, and trends in properties down the group.

Read the full p-Block Elements (Groups 13 & 14) notes →