Zaymiey

🧪 Chemistry  ·  Hydrocarbons  ·  NEET & JEE

The peroxide (Kharasch) effect giving anti-Markovnikov addition is observed only with which hydrogen halide?

Answer: HBr.

  • A HF
  • B HCl
  • C HI
  • D HBr

Correct answer: D. HBr

Explanation: Only HBr has the right bond energies for the free-radical chain; HCl and HF bonds are too strong and HI too weak for the propagation steps to succeed.

Hybridisation and Bonding in HydrocarbonsCCEthane: sp³, single bond109.5°, free rotationCCEthene: sp², double bond120°, planar, NO rotationCCEthyne: sp, triple bond180°, linearMore bonds between the same 2 carbons = shorter, stronger, but more reactive bond

Going from a single to a triple bond between carbons increases the s-character of hybridisation (sp³→sp²→sp), shortening the bond and locking the geometry, while increasing π-bond reactivity (alkenes and alkynes readily undergo addition reactions that alkanes don't).

Concept context

The simplest organic compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen. Covers alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds like benzene. Learn preparation methods, key reactions, and physical properties.

Read the full Hydrocarbons notes →