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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Environmental Chemistry  ·  NEET & JEE

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of clean water is:

Answer: Less than 5 ppm.

  • A Less than 5 ppm
  • B About 15 ppm
  • C Roughly 30-40 ppm
  • D More than 100 ppm

Correct answer: A. Less than 5 ppm

Explanation: Clean water has a BOD below 5 ppm; a high BOD indicates heavy organic pollution.

Classical (London) SmogSources: coal burningSO₂ + particulates + fogReducing typeConditions: cold, humid,early morning, winterVisibility: very low (fog)London, 1952 - ~4000 deathsHarms: eyes, lungs, bronchitisPhotochemical (LA) SmogSources: vehicles, industriesNOx + hydrocarbons + UVOxidising typeConditions: warm, sunny,afternoon, summerProducts: O₃, PAN, acroleinLos Angeles (common in cities)Harms: eyes, rubber cracking

Classical smog is a reducing mixture of SO₂ and fog, while photochemical smog is an oxidising mixture generated by UV-driven reactions of NOx and hydrocarbons.

Concept context

Understand how human activities alter the atmosphere, water, and soil. Covers air pollutants, smog types, ozone depletion, acid rain, greenhouse effect, water and soil pollution, and the principles of green chemistry.

Read the full Environmental Chemistry notes →