Answer: EMF at non-standard conditions.
- A Standard EMF mainly according to most researchers
- B EMF at non-standard conditions
- C Activation energy in the majority of cases studied
- D Equilibrium constant mainly
Correct answer: B. EMF at non-standard conditions
Explanation: Nernst equation: E = E° - (RT/nF) ln Q. It gives cell EMF when concentrations differ from 1 M.
In a Daniell cell, electrons flow externally from the zinc anode (oxidation) through the voltmeter to the copper cathode (reduction), while the salt bridge completes the circuit.
Concept context
Explore the link between chemical reactions and electricity. Covers galvanic cells, electrolysis, standard electrode potentials, the Nernst equation, and real-world applications like batteries and corrosion.