Answer: t 2g (lower energy, 3 orbitals) and eg (higher energy, 2 orbitals).
- A t<sub>2g</sub> (lower energy, 3 orbitals) and eg (higher energy, 2 orbitals)
- B Two perfectly equal-energy sets of orbitals with no splitting at all
- C Three separate sets of orbitals all at different energy levels
- D An unpredictable, random pattern of orbital energies
Correct answer: A. t<sub>2g</sub> (lower energy, 3 orbitals) and eg (higher energy, 2 orbitals)
Explanation: An octahedral ligand field splits d orbitals into lower-energy t<sub>2g</sub> (dxy, dxz, dyz) and higher-energy eg (dx2-y2, dz<sup>2</sup>) sets.
Aqueous solutions of transition metal ions show characteristic colours caused by electrons absorbing visible light to jump between split d-orbitals; the exact colour depends on the metal, its oxidation state, and surrounding ligands.
Concept context
Transition metals (d-block) and lanthanides/actinides (f-block). Known for coloured compounds, variable oxidation states, complex formation, and catalytic properties. Frequently tested in JEE and NEET.