Answer: Concentration: a dilute solution (~0.2%) acts as an antiseptic on living tissue, while a more concentrated solution (~1%) acts as a disinfectant on inanimate objects.
- A Its underlying molecular structure is said to physically rearrange itself largely between these two quite distinct chemical uses under most conditions encountered
- B Concentration: a dilute solution (~0.2%) acts as an antiseptic on living tissue, while a more concentrated solution (~1%) acts as a disinfectant on inanimate objects
- C It is claimed to function mainly ever as a mild antiseptic, with disinfectant-grade phenol actually being a wholly different molecule as frequently observed in practice
- D The particular ambient temperature at which the phenol solution happens to be applied is what is said to determine its specific role in many documented cases according to conventional understanding
Correct answer: B. Concentration: a dilute solution (~0.2%) acts as an antiseptic on living tissue, while a more concentrated solution (~1%) acts as a disinfectant on inanimate objects
Explanation: The same chemical, phenol, is classified as an antiseptic or a disinfectant purely based on concentration and the surface it is applied to - dilute on living tissue (antiseptic), more concentrated on inanimate objects (disinfectant) where it would otherwise damage living cells.
The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail of each soap/detergent molecule dissolves into an oily dirt droplet, while the hydrophilic (ionic) head stays in the surrounding water - trapping the grease inside a micelle that rinses away with water.
Concept context
Drugs and how they interact with biological targets, chemicals in food, and cleansing agents (soaps and detergents) - chemistry applied directly to daily life and healthcare.