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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids  ·  NEET & JEE

In the acid-catalysed esterification of ethanoic acid with ethanol, the eliminated water molecule is formed from:

Answer: the -OH of the acid and -H of ethanol.

  • A the -OH of ethanol and -H of the acid
  • B both oxygens of the acid
  • C the -OH of the acid and -H of ethanol
  • D the alcohol oxygen only

Correct answer: C. the -OH of the acid and -H of ethanol

Explanation: Isotopic labelling shows acyl-oxygen cleavage: the -OH comes from the acid and the -H from the alcohol, so the ester oxygen is the alcohol oxygen.

Nucleophilic Addition to C=ONu:-CORR'CO-RR'Nu

Curved arrows show the nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon while the C=O pi electrons move onto oxygen, giving a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate.

Concept context

Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives (esters, amides, acid chlorides). Key reactions include nucleophilic addition, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro, and Claisen. Very heavily tested in JEE and NEET.

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