Answer: Gymnosperms.
- A Algae
- B Bryophytes
- C Pteridophytes
- D Gymnosperms
Correct answer: D. Gymnosperms
Explanation: Seeds first appeared in gymnosperms. The seed habit (heterospory + seed formation) represents a major evolutionary advantage, allowing survival in dry conditions without dependence on water for fertilization.
Plants evolved from water-dependent algae through increasingly land-adapted groups, gaining vascular tissue (Pteridophyta), then seeds (Gymnosperms), and finally fruit-enclosed seeds (Angiosperms) - each step reducing dependence on water for reproduction.
Concept context
Classification of plants from algae to angiosperms. Understanding plant diversity is essential for NEET.