Answer: Terpenoids (isoprene, carotenoids, diterpenes) for photosynthesis and plant defense.
- A Fatty acid chains assembled by the plastid-localized fatty acid synthase complex
- B Terpenoids (isoprene, carotenoids, diterpenes) for photosynthesis and plant defense
- C Free amino acids synthesized via nitrogen assimilation in the chloroplast stroma
- D Starch granules deposited and stored within the chloroplast stroma
Correct answer: B. Terpenoids (isoprene, carotenoids, diterpenes) for photosynthesis and plant defense
Explanation: MEP pathway (methylerythritol phosphate/non-mevalonate pathway) in plastids produces IPP and DMAPP, precursors for carotenoids, chlorophylls, gibberellins, and isoprene.
Simplified photosynthesis diagram: light energy, CO2, and H2O enter the leaf and are converted in the chloroplast into glucose and O2.
Concept context
Light reactions, the Calvin cycle, C 3 /C 4 /CAM pathways, photorespiration, and factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. One of the highest-yield NEET chapters.