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🔬 Biology  ·  Immune System  ·  NEET

The first line of defence against pathogens is

Answer: Skin and mucous membranes.

  • A Antibodies circulating in the blood plasma
  • B Skin and mucous membranes
  • C T lymphocytes patrolling the lymphatic system
  • D Fever raising the body's core temperature

Correct answer: B. Skin and mucous membranes

Explanation: The first line of defence includes physical and chemical barriers: skin (prevents entry), mucus (traps pathogens), cilia (sweep pathogens out), saliva, tears (contain lysozyme), and stomach acid.

Antibody (Y-shaped) Binding an Antigenconstant region (Fc)variable regionvariable regionantigenantigen2 identical heavy chains+ 2 identical light chains

An antibody is Y-shaped, with two identical antigen-binding sites at the tips of the variable regions - each shaped to recognise one specific antigen - while the constant (Fc) region at the base is recognised by immune cells to trigger further responses.

Concept context

Innate and adaptive immunity, B cells, T cells, antibodies, vaccines, and immune disorders. Critical for NEET.

Read the full Immune System notes →