Answer: Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells, absolute insulin deficiency, requires insulin injection; Type 2: insulin resistance + relative deficiency, lifestyle-related, managed with diet/exercise/oral drugs.
- A Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are now understood by endocrinologists to be essentially the exact same underlying disease process and pathology, arising from the identical autoimmune mechanism in every diagnosed patient regardless of age
- B Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells, absolute insulin deficiency, requires insulin injection; Type 2: insulin resistance + relative deficiency, lifestyle-related, managed with diet/exercise/oral drugs
- C Type 2 diabetes is understood to consistently require a considerably higher daily insulin dosage than Type 1 diabetes ever does, because beta cell function is assumed to be equally impaired in both forms of the disease
- D Type 1 diabetes can typically be fully and permanently cured simply through sustained dietary changes and exercise alone, without ever requiring insulin injections or any other long-term pharmacological therapy
Correct answer: B. Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells, absolute insulin deficiency, requires insulin injection; Type 2: insulin resistance + relative deficiency, lifestyle-related, managed with diet/exercise/oral drugs
Explanation: Type 1 DM: autoimmune attack destroys pancreatic beta cells; absolute insulin deficiency; onset usually in childhood; requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 DM: peripheral insulin resistance + progressive beta cell failure; strongly associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle; managed with lifestyle modification, metformin, and later insulin if needed.
The Plasmodium parasite needs both hosts: the female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites while biting (infecting the human liver and RBCs, causing the malaria fever cycle), then picks up gametocytes from an infected person's blood, completing the parasite's sexual stage inside the mosquito.
Concept context
Pathogens, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, drugs, cancer, and public health. High NEET importance.