Answer: Volume of blood filtered by glomeruli per minute (normal ~125 mL/min).
- A Volume of urine excreted from the bladder per hour
- B Volume of blood filtered by glomeruli per minute (normal ~125 mL/min)
- C Rate at which sodium and water are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
- D Concentration of glucose spilling into urine during hyperglycemia
Correct answer: B. Volume of blood filtered by glomeruli per minute (normal ~125 mL/min)
Explanation: GFR = volume of fluid filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule per minute. Normal ~125 mL/min (180 L/day). Key kidney function indicator.
Filtrate flows through four functionally distinct stages of the nephron: Bowman's capsule filters blood, the PCT reabsorbs most useful substances unconditionally, the Loop of Henle builds a concentration gradient via counter-current exchange, the DCT secretes selected substances, and the collecting duct performs the final ADH-controlled water reabsorption.
Concept context
Nitrogenous waste, kidney structure, urine formation in the nephron, and hormonal regulation of excretion.
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