Answer: ATP synthesis by ATP synthase (chemiosmosis).
- A Replication of the circular mitochondrial genome within the matrix
- B ATP synthesis by ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)
- C Translation of mitochondrially-encoded proteins on matrix ribosomes
- D Equal segregation of mitochondria between dividing daughter cells
Correct answer: B. ATP synthesis by ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)
Explanation: Electron transport chain pumps H+ across inner membrane. H+ flow back through ATP synthase (chemiosmosis) drives ATP production.
Animal cell structure with major organelles labeled. Image: LadyofHats (Mariana Ruiz), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Concept context
Cell theory, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, organelles and their functions. Foundation of all biology.