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🔬 Biology  ·  Body Fluids and Circulation  ·  NEET

Cardiac output is calculated as the product of:

Answer: Stroke volume and heart rate.

  • A Heart rate and total blood volume
  • B Stroke volume and blood pressure
  • C Heart rate and blood pressure
  • D Stroke volume and heart rate

Correct answer: D. Stroke volume and heart rate

Explanation: Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate, representing the total volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute.

ECG: The Three Key WavesP wave(atrial depol.)QRS complex(ventricular depol.)T wave(ventricular repol.)QRS is the tallest spike - ventricles have far more muscle mass than the atria

A single ECG cycle: the P wave marks atrial depolarisation (contraction signal), the large QRS complex marks ventricular depolarisation, and the T wave marks ventricular repolarisation (recovery) before the next cycle begins.

Concept context

Blood, lymph, the heart, the cardiac cycle, blood pressure, and ECG. High NEET weightage.

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