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🔬 Biology  ·  Biological Classification  ·  NEET

Lichens are a symbiotic association between

Answer: Algae and fungi.

  • A Two species of fungi
  • B Algae and fungi
  • C Bacteria and algae
  • D Fungi and bryophytes

Correct answer: B. Algae and fungi

Explanation: A lichen is a mutualistic association between an alga (phycobiont, autotrophic) and a fungus (mycobiont, heterotrophic).

Whittaker's Five KingdomsMoneraprokaryotesProtistaunicell. eukaryotesFungichitin wallPlantaecellulose wallAnimaliano wallNOT in any kingdom: Viruses (non-cellular), Viroids (RNA, no coat), Lichens (alga+fungus symbiosis)Classification criteria: cell structure, nutrition mode, body organisation, reproduction, phylogeny

Whittaker's five-kingdom system (1969) groups all cellular life by cell structure and nutrition; viruses, viroids, and lichens fall outside this system entirely since they aren't independently classifiable as one of the five.

Concept context

Whittaker's five kingdom system covering Monera, Protista, Fungi, plus viruses, viroids, and lichens. A foundational NEET chapter on how living organisms are grouped.

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